Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
نویسندگان
چکیده
It has long been appreciated that tumor cells carry chromosomal aberrations (1). Deviation from the paired ordering of autosomes and sex chromosomes by either increasing or decreasing the copy number of a given chromosome, is referred to as aneuploidy. Errors in the faithful segregation of chromosomes during mitotic or meiotic cell division play a crucial role in the generation of chromosomal aneuploidies, the genetic consequences of which are increased copy numbers of oncogenes and loss of tumor suppressor genes. Cytogenetic abnormalities that affect the integrity of a chromosome are referred to as structural aberrations. These can be either balanced (i.e., no net gains or loss of DNA as in perior paracentric inversions and reciprocal translocations) or unbalanced translocations, including duplications, deletions, and non-reciprocal translocations (2). In particular, balanced chromosomal translocations are frequently observed and considered pathogenetic events in haematopoietic malignancies (2-6).
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